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"Smoking and vaping, 2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"

A previous cross-sectional study a study in which researchers collect data from many individuals at a single point in time found increased risk of asthma in people using e-cigarettes, while a longitudinal study a study in which researchers repeatedly observe the same individuals or groups over a long period of time indicated a higher risk of new respiratory disease symptoms

This is concerning as electronic cigarette use is quickly increasing, particularly among the youth

Research shows that smokers are six times more likely to develop gum and tooth discoloration than non-smokers (WHO, 2023)