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First, the self-medication hypothesis proposes that individuals with SZ choose to smoke to alleviate the clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits that are characteristic of the illness as well as the side effects of antipsychotic medications ( Neurobiological Determinants of Tobacco Smoking in Schizophrenia Nicotine Nicotine, the addictive component in tobacco cigarettes, binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are endogenously expressed in the human brain and influenced by the native agonist, acetylcholine ( Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, aminobutyric acid (GABA) and opioid peptides are neurotransmitter systems influenced by nAChRs ( Pathophysiology of SZ and Nicotine Effects The following section describes the role of each neurotransmitter system on both nicotine addiction and schizophrenia

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This is particularly acute at night where prisoners sleep side by side in brightly lit rooms often in stifling heat

NHS England states that tobacco use seriously impacts both general and oral health