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Livshits et al 18 reported conflicting effects on COHb in two human cases

This "scattershot approach" makes compliance a major challenge for retailers

Judge Kessler put it bluntly in her 2006 1,700 page landmark ruling: Over the course of more than 50 years, defendants lied, misrepresented and deceived the American public, including smokers and the young people they avidly sought as replacement smokers, about the devastating health effects of smoking. And while it is true that all Americans have been harmed by these practices, we posit that due to the historic oppression and racism endured by African Americans, this group deserves distinct protections, remedies, and treatments

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