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tobacco control policies and interventions should be designed with a gender perspective, recognizing the differing prevalence of tobacco use and associated health outcomes between men and women

Hefler says any TFG proposal would need to avoid creating a new epidemic of e-cigarette use among young people and non-smokers as is a potential risk in New Zealand

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Cancers Oropharynx Larynx Esophagus Trachea, bronchus, & lung Acute myeloid leukemia Stomach Liver Pancreas Kidney & ureter Cervix Bladder Colorectal Chronic Diseases Stroke Blindness, cataracts, age related macular degeneration Congenital defects- maternal smoking: orofacial clefts Periodontitis Aortic aneurysm, early abdominal aortic atherosclerosis in young adults Pneumonia Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, asthma, and other respiratory effects Coronary heart disease Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease Diabetes Hip fractures Reproductive effects in women (including infertility) Male sexual functionerectile dysfunction Immune function Overall diminished health Median Percent of Youth Aged 13-15 Currently Smoking Cigarettes in 41 Countries by WHO Region (2012-14) AFRO: 4.8% EMRO: 6.6% EURO: 9.4% PAHO: 6% SEARO: 16.2% WPRO: 7.2% The tobacco industry spends tens of billions of dollars worldwide each year on advertsiing, promotion and sponsorship