Researchers divided the parameters into 3 categories: physical harm, dependence, and social harms
Despite the awareness of health hazards and economic costs, the official policies of leading hospital associations toward smoking were virtually non-existent (1964-1974) to weak (1975-1993) [T]he American Hospital Association Board of Directors endorsed the Surgeon Generals report of 1964 but took no further action, leaving the matter to be decided at the local level

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doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1154708 Received 31 January 2023 Accepted 10 April 2023 Published 28 April 2023 Volume 10 - 2023 Edited by Mahdi Garelnabi, University of Massachusetts Lowell, United States Reviewed by Linda Neff, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States Achuthan Raghavamenon, Amala Cancer Research Centre, India Sainath Babu, MED Institute, United States Updates Copyright 2023 Behrooz, Abumoawad, Rizvi and Hamburg