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However, when utilizing genetic consortia that include partially overlapping participant sets, the direction and magnitude of bias become uncertain

Teens switched in droves from Juul to brands that werent affected by the ban, including disposable vapes such as Puff Bar, which were allowed to continue selling candy-flavored vapes

Instead, these pouches are designed to be placed between the upper lip and gum, allowing nicotine absorption through oral mucous membranes before entering the bloodstream

This lower nicotine level is a limitation of this study, especially as the nicotine levels of currently used e-cigarette disposables on the market are 50 mg/mL