Effects of Smoking on the Healing Process Effects of Smoking on the Healing Process Nicotine causes vasoconstriction , reducing blood flow to healing bones Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen delivery to tissues, slowing repair Toxins inhibit osteoblasts , the cells responsible for forming new bone Reduced collagen synthesis , leading to weaker bone structure Impaired immune response , increasing susceptibility to infection As a result, the normal bone-healing process becomes slow, inefficient, and unstable
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