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2001 Risks associated with smoking cigarettes with low machine-measured yields of tar and nicotine Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No

showed the diversity of bacterial communities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from healthy smokers was similar to that from healthy never-smokers, and COPD patients, however, further results from obtained lung tissues of COPD patients unraveled the heterogeneity and diversity in the bacterial microbiota across different regions of the abnormal lung [79], suggesting specific changes in lung microbiome resulted from smoking in COPD patients participate in the occurrence of COPD or exacerbation

Which benchmarks are included

This is carried out between the 1 st and 7 th day after transplantation