discarded cigarette butts cost the world $26 billion per year in environmental damage Smokers blind to devastating impact

In the UK, 15 per cent of 11-18 year-olds tried vaping in 2019 compared to 16 per cent in the previous year, according to a study conducted by anti-smoking charity Action on Smoking Health

To avoid randomized non-starters and potential bias due to differential early attrition from prior knowledge of group assignment, randomization will occur at the time of visit 0 when participants first receive tobacco products specific to their assigned condition, and neither the research assistant nor participant will know the assignment in advance

Reduced Lung Capacity : Smokers often have reduced lung capacity, leading to decreased physical performance and increased vulnerability to respiratory distress during exercise

But at the British Heart Foundation we know all too well the human cost of tobacco, counting the 80,000 loved ones families lose across the UK every year as we lose more smokers to heart attacks and strokes