do cigarettes shorten your lifespan Smoking a single cigarette could take 20 minutes off life expectancy, new study says | UK News Research on smoking and long
Research on smoking and long term health often reports outcomes using measures like death rates, risk ratios, or the chances of reaching certain ages. When these results are translated into life expectancy Smokers, especially those who begin young, are three times more likely to die prematurely American Heart Association Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors PMC 21st Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States New England Journal of Medicine
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