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Abbreviations 4-HNE 4-hydroxynonenal 5-caC 5-carboxylcytosine 5-fC 5-formylcytosine 5-hmC 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-mC 5-methylcytosine 8-oxodA 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyadenosine 8-oxodG 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine 15( S )-8- iso -PGF 2 F 2- isoprostane 15( S )-8- iso -prostaglandin F 2 AA aromatic amines AP apurinic/apyrimidinic APE1 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 ATP adenosine triphosphate BAL bronchoalveolar lavage B[ a ]P benzo[ a ]pyrene BER base excision repair CEA carcinoembryonic antigen COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COX cyclooxygenases CRP C-reactive protein CVD cardiovascular disease CXCL1 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 dA 2-deoxyadenosine dC 2-deoxycytidine dG 2-deoxyguanosine DNMT DNA methyltransferase enzymes dTTP 2-deoxythymidine triphosphate ETC electron transport chain FapyG 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine Fpg formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase GGR global genome repair GPx glutathione peroxidases GSH glutathione GSSG oxidized GSH GST glutathione S-transferases HERC2 HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 HOPdG hydroxypropanodeoxyguanosine H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide HPLC high performance liquid chromatography hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein HTPs heated tobacco products IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer IL-1 interleukin-1 IL-8 interleukin-8 LDLs low-density lipoproteins LINE long- and short interspersed nuclear elements LPO lipoxygenase LTR long terminal repeat retrotransposons MDA malondialdehyde M 1 dG pyrimido[1,2-a]-purin-10(3H)-one MMR mismatch repair MS mainstream smoke MTH1 MutT homolog 1 MUTYH mutY DNA glycosylase NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NEIL Nei-like glycosylases NER nucleotide excision repair NF-B nuclear factor-B NNK 4-(methy1nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone NNN N -nitrosonornicotine NO nitric oxide NOTCH1 notch receptor 1 NUDT1 nudix hydrolase 1 1 O 2 singlet oxygen O 2 oxygen O 2 superoxide OGG1 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase OH hydroxyl radical ONOO peroxynitrite PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PARP1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 POLB DNA polymerase beta Q/QH2 quinone/hydroquinone RNS reactive nitrogen species ROS reactive oxygen species SAM S -adenosylmethionine SINE short interspersed nuclear elements SNCG synuclein gamma SOD superoxide dismutase SPP1 secreted phosphoprotein 1 SS sidestream smoke SSB single strand breaks STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 TBA thiobarbituric acid TCR transcription-coupled repair TET ten-eleven translocation TLS translesion synthesis T thymidine TNF- tumor necrotic factor-alpha TSNAs tobacco-specific nitrosamines VNAs volatile nitrosamines WBC white blood cells Footnotes Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication