Once again, these exemptions were created by excluding these venues from AB 13's definition of places of employment. Since AB 13 applied only to places defined as places of employment, these exemptions from the smoke-free mandate were also exempted from the bill's preemption clause, leaving them open to local regulation
This study highlights important questions about the uses of tobacco in religious rituals, while the proximity of the deposits to sweat baths documented in the same architectural group at Cotzumalhuapa suggests associations with curative and purification practices, including maternal care and childbirth
Donna Shelley, professor and vice dean for research at the New York University School of Global Public Health, said that while nicotine pouches don't cause the same health problems as products containing tobacco, she wouldn't call them "safe." "Some of the negative health effects of the nicotine pouches include gastrointestinal symptoms, like nausea, gum soreness and ulcers, and also some cardiovascular risks like elevated heart rate," said Shelley, who researches tobacco control, adding, "We don't know the full safety profile yet." A 2023 study that compared Zyn pouches to smokeless tobacco and nicotine replacement products found that while Zyn doesn't contain "nitrosamines or some of those real known cancer-causing agents, it does contain some chemicals like formaldehyde that the FDA has said are potentially harmful," she said
Scholar The ethnobiology of alcoholic beverage production by the Lacandon, Tarahumara, and other Aboriginal Mesoamerican peoples
