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Abbreviations AChE: Acetylcholine esterase ALA: Alpha lipoic acid C3: Complement 3 CAT: Catalase CWS: Cold water- stress FBW: Final body weight FCR: Feed conversion ratio GPx: Glutathione peroxidase Hb: Hemoglobin Hsp70: Heat shock protein IBW: Initial body weight IL-1: Interleukin-1 beta MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCV: Mean corpuscular volume MDA: Malondialdehyde Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCV: Packed cell volume RBCs: Red blood cells ROS: Reactive oxygen species SGR: Specific growth rate SOD: Superoxide dismutase TWG: Total weight gain WBCs: White blood cell counts References Abdel Hamid DZ, Nienaa YA, Mostafa TM (2022) Alpha-lipoic acid improved anemia, erythropoietin resistance, maintained glycemic control, and reduced cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: a multi-center prospective randomized controlled study

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However, this approach, which typically examines single-target mechanisms, diverges from the holistic and complex nature of TCM