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In addition to vertigo, several other types of dizziness have been identified and can be loosely characterized by how they are perceived: presyncope (fainting sensation), disequilibrium (imbalance sensation), and lightheadedness (feeling faint or about to pass out)

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Abbreviations E2: 17 Estradiol 3-HSD, 17-HSD: 3- And 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase S6K1: 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 DHT: 5-Dihydrotestosterone ACTB: -Actin aP2: Adipocyte Protein 2 ATGL: Adipose triglyceride lipase AIS: Androgen insensitivity syndrome AR: Androgen receptor ARKO: Androgen receptor knockout mouse ARE: Androgen-response elements ArKO: Aromatase knockout BPH: Benign prostatic hyperplasia BMC: Bone mineral content BMD: Bone mineral density BAT: Brown adipose tissue Ca2 + : Calcium CREB: CAMP response element-binding protein CRPC: Castration-resistant prostate cancers C/EBP-, C/EBP-: CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins ChIP-Seq: Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing CT: Computed tomography Cre: Cre recombinase CSA: Cross-sectional area LBD: C-terminal ligand-binding domain DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone DAG: Diacylglycerol DBD: DNA-binding domain DXA: Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry ETC: Electron transport chain ER: Estrogen receptor ESR1: Estrogen receptor alpha 4EBP1: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 EDL: Extensor digitorum longus ERK1/2: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 FO: Fast-oxidative FOG: Fast-oxidative-glycolytic FBM: Fat body mass CPT1: Fatty acid mitochondrial transporter FAS: Fatty acid synthase FAPs: Fibro/adipogenic progenitors FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone FOXK1: Forkhead box K1 FCG: Four Core Genotypes model GR: Glucocorticoid receptor GDX: Gonadectomy GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Hsp: Heat shock protein HSL: Hormone sensitive lipase HAS: Human alpha-skeletal actin CMV: Human cytomegalovirus IP: Inositol phosphates IP3: Inositol triphosphate Igf-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IAAF: International Amateur Athletics Federation KLF: Krppel-like factors LBM: Lean body mass BC/LA: Levator ani/bulbocavernosus LPL: Lipoprotein lipase LH: Luteinizing hormone MTORC1: Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 MR: Mineralocorticoid receptor MAPK: Mitogen activated protein kinase MAG: Monoacylglycerol MCK: Muscle creatine kinase MPS: Muscle protein synthesis HSAAR: Muscle-specific AR overexpression MyoD: Myoblast determination protein 1 MEF2c: Myocyte enhancer factor 2c MHC: Myosin heavy chain Mstn: Myostatin NTD: NH 2 -terminal transcriptional regulation domain NLS: Nuclear localization signal ORX: Orchidectomy OVX: Ovariectomy loxP: P1 phage PPAR-: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PGC1: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha PA: Phosphatidic acid PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase PGK: Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 PDGFR-CreER: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor Cre-ER PCOS: Polycystic ovarian syndrome PND: Post-natal day PR: Progesterone receptor Akt: Protein kinase B PKA/PKC: Protein kinases A/C Src: Proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase Col1a1: Rat type 1a1 collagen promoter RSPO2: R-spondin 2 SC: Satellite cells SARM: Selective androgen receptor modulators SRF: Serum response factor -actin: Skeletal alpha actin SBMA: Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy SHBG: Steroid hormone binding globulin SREBF: Sterol regulatory element binding factor SDH: Succinate dehydrogenase TA: Tibialis anterior Tfm: Testicular feminization mutation TBM: Total body mass TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy UCP2: Uncoupling protein 2 WAT: White adipose tissue WT: Wild-type References Ramamani, Aruldhas, Govindarajulu