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The Ile105Val polymorphism of the GSTP1 gene, encoding glutathione S -transferase P1, has been associated with a decreased risk of oxaliplatin-related CIPN

Similarly, ROS also enhance inflammation through NF-B pathway activation, leading to IB degradation, NF-B nuclear translocation, and transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory mediators [93, 94]

Additional biomarkers like neuroinflammatory markers (e.g., TNF, IL6) and genetic variants (e.g., LRRK2, GBA mutations) contribute to early risk stratification [64, 79, 173, 250]

Initially used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, DHODH inhibitors were later found helpful in treating cancer, viral infections, and blood disorders [55,56,57,58]