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PA-treated SUM-159 cells exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression levels of TfR1 compared to their non-treated counterparts (Fig

PMC 3190695

Fats (triglycerides) Composed of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid chains via ester bonds Serve as the primary long-term energy storage molecules, stored mainly in adipose tissue Nonpolar and hydrophobic because their long hydrocarbon chains dominate the structure Phospholipids Built from a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group bonded to a polar molecule (such as choline, serine, or ethanolamine) Amphipathic : they have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails Form the structural basis of all biological membranes, including cell membranes and organelle membranes Steroids Defined by four fused carbon rings (three six-carbon cyclohexane rings and one five-carbon cyclopentane ring), with various functional groups attached Include cholesterol (a membrane component), steroid hormones (testosterone, estrogen, cortisol), and bile acids (which aid lipid digestion) Involved in cell signaling, reproduction, and digestion Waxes Composed of long-chain fatty acids esterified to long-chain alcohols Provide protective, water-repellent coatings, such as the cuticle on plant leaves and the exoskeletons of insects Also serve as energy storage in some organisms, including certain plankton Fats as energy storage Fats store more energy per gram than any other macromolecule