l-carnitine tmao nature medicine 2013 koeth Gut microbiota derived metabolites in cardiovascular health and disease | Protein & Cell γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate

Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Gut microbiota derived metabolite trimethylamine N oxide in major adverse cardiovascular events: Mechanisms, risk assessment, and therapeutic strategies Dietary Fatty Acids Modulate Gut Microbiota Derived Trimethylamine N Oxide: Potential Mechanisms and Future Perspective TMAO metaorganismal pathway and chronic inflammatory diseases

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