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Glossary BBR Berberine AKI Acute kidney injury CKD Chronic kidney disease NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs I/R Ischemia-reperfusion ROS Reactive oxygen species IRI Ischemia-reperfusion injury UUO Unilateral ureteral obstruction TGF- Transforming growth factor- IL-1 Interleukin-1 IL-6 Interleukin-6 SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype NF-B Nuclear factor-B NLRP3 NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 Ang II Angiotensin II STZ Streptozotocin TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4 LC3 Light chain 3 Bcl-XL B-cell lymphoma-XL Atg5 Autophagy-related protein Atg7 Autophagy-related protein 7 DN Diabetic nephropathy ESRD End-stage renal disease Cr Creatinine BUN Blood urea nitrogen HG High glucose FN Fibronectin S1P Sphingosine 1-phosphate AMPK Adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase GSDMD Gasdermin D Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition RF Renal fibrosis ECM Extracellular matrix TECs Tubular epithelial cells FAO Fatty acid oxidation ATP Adenosine triphosphate PPAR- Peroxiisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha CPT1A Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A ARF Acute renal failure H/R Hypoxia/reoxygenation HK-2 Human kidney-2 BBR-NP Berberine nanoparticles D-gal D-galactose MDA Malondialdehyde HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1 PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma-2 CP Cisplatin MTX Methotrexate DOX Doxorubicin KIM-1 Kidney injury molecule-1 H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide CAT Catalase GM Gentamicin NO Nitric oxide NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin SOD Superoxide dismutase GSH Glutathione NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Cyt-C Cytochrome-c References 1 AdilM.KandhareA

The reason for this mild profile is partly biological

It should only be handled by qualified research professionals in appropriate laboratory settings

It works by suppressing the tyrosinase enzyme and shifting melanin synthesis from darker eumelanin to lighter pheomelanin