l-carnitine's effect on metabolism Role of carnitine in disease | Nutrition & The effects of pharmacologically decreased

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Gawrys-Kopczynska et al., 2020

Abbreviations AKT: Protein kinase B BMI: Body mass index CFA: Cross-sectional fiber area Cox-2: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II CPTI- II: Carnitine palmityl transferase I and II FOXO: Forkhead box O transcription factor family FOXO3a: Forkhead box O transcription factor 3a GI: Gastrointestinal GM: Gastrocnemius muscle HE: Hematoxylin and eosin HMB: -Hydroxy--methylbutyrate IGF1: Insulin like growth factor 1 IL-1: Interleukin-1 IL-6: Interleukin-6 LC: L-carnitine MaFbx: Muscle atrophy F-box protein MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin MuRF1: Muscle RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 NF-B: Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B PIF: Proteolysis-inducing factor TGF: Transforming growth factor beta TNF-: Tumor Necrosis Factor TWEAK: TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis References Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A