During cellular stress, excessive ROS production may be associated with increased electron leakage at the sites of complex I (NADH- ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and complex III (ubiquinone- cytochrome c oxidoreductase) in the electron transport chain (ETC), resulting in dysfunctional mitochondrial activity 55,56
After initial correction, some individuals may require ongoing maintenance injections (often monthly) if they cannot adequately absorb B12 from diet or oral supplements
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A product formulated with kojic acid, such as a gentle daily cleanser or soap, can help support this process over time
