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In addition, in the active phases of cell proliferation, the nucleus accumulates GSH to much greater concentrations than those present in the cytoplasm [15]

Glutathione levels are linked to skin brightness, but these naturally decrease as we age

Your body shifts toward using fat as fuel

Supplementary material The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: Glossary CGA Chlorogenic acid IC50 half-maximal inhibitory concentration WB Western blotting RT-qPCR real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ROS reactive oxygen species NAC N-Acetyl-L-cysteine Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 LD 50 semi-lethal concentration CQA caffeoylquinic acid CA caffeic acid QA quinic acid DPPH 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical ANIT alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate APAP Acetaminophen EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor ALP alkaline phosphatase ALT alanine aminotransferase EGR1 early growth response-1 iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase GO gene ontology KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes DMEM Dulbeccos Modified Eagle Medium FBS fetal bovine serum CCK8 Cell Counting Kit-8 RTCA real-time cell analysis LDH lactate dehydrogenase LFQ-MS label-free quantitative mass spectrometry ALP alkaline phosphatase OCR oxygen consumption rate ECAR extracellular acidification rate FCCP mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler c-Myc Myc proto-oncogene protein MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 GSH glutathione GSSG glutathione disulfide PBS phosphate buffered saline ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry KM mice Kunming mice CTSD cathepsin D CAPN1 calpain 1 CYCS cytochrome c CCl 4 Carbon tetrachloride EIF2S1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit TfR1 transferrin receptor 1 GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4 SLC7A11 cystine/glutamate transporter SOD superoxide dismutase Chac1 glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 RRM2 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 GSR glutathione reductase GCLM glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit TM4SF1 transmembrane 4 L6 family member 1 PGD 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase G6PD glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase GSTP1 glutathione S-transferase P IREB2 Iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 ALDH1B1 mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase X ACADVL very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase CAPE Caffeic acid phenethyl ester DFO deferoxamine ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma