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B.LushchakV

PMID: 34941392

Other microbial metabolites, like lactate and secondary bile, have the ability to modulate the neuroinflammatory response and influence synaptic plasticity, even though their roles in the post-radiation pathologies are still unspecified

However, another study using a comparable model reported elevated cytokine and oxidative stress markers in the cortex and hippocampus without detectable changes in neurogenesis ( 6 Mechanisms of chronic stress-induced neuronal dysfunction 6.1 Neuroinflammation Neuroinflammation refers to immune activation and inflammatory responses within the central nervous system (CNS), typically involving sustained activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines (Sotzny et al., 2018), increased numbers of activated CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (Rivas et al., 2018), and elevated levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines (Montoya et al., 2017)