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For example, in a study at John Hopkins University , forty boys and young men, ages 13 to 27, with moderate to severe autism, were treated for 18 weeks with a daily dose of either a placebo or sulforaphane, a plant chemical derived from broccoli sprouts

In the context of liver diseases, betaine has been shown to mitigate lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, proteasomal/lysosomal dysfunction, hepatocyte death, and inflammation, making it a promising therapeutic agent for ALD (24, 29, 30) and MASLD (31, 32)

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 , 1151311517 (1993)

And they diminish substantially after 8-12 weeks on a stable dose