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The pellet was washed three times with 1X PBS pH 7.4, following which cells were resuspended in 35 mL of 1X PBS for the assay

Therefore, ligand engineering, such as modifying the surface ligands of AuNCs with functional groups, is crucial in regulating the optical properties of AuNCs 37

With the capacity to freely cross the placenta, exogenous ketone treatment has been reported to preserve cerebral energy metabolism, ameliorate brain damage, and display effective neuroprotective potency during neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (24, 25)

In addition to hormonal signaling, emerging small molecules enhance antioxidant transcription