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Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations ADH: Alcohol dehydrogenase AIF: Apoptosis inducing factor AKI: Acute kidney injury ALF: Acute liver failure APAP: Acetaminophen ASK1: Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 Cyp2E1: Cytochrome P450 2E1 DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide FDA: Food and Drug Administration (US) GSH: Reduced glutathione JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK: Mitogen activating protein kinase 4MP: 4-Methylpyrazole MKK4: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 MPTP: Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore NAPQI: N -Acetyl- p -benzoquinone imine Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 USNMS: United States National Multicenter Study References Akakpo JY, Ramachandran A, Kandel SE, Ni HM, Kumer SC, Rumack BH, Jaeschke H (2018) 4-Methylpyrazole protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice and in primary human hepatocytes

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Poor neurologic outcomes following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have been linked to inappropriate calcium-dependent contraction of arteries (known as cerebral arterial vasospasm), leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (63)

Thus, role of Arg has come into light due to its multiple metabolic fates