p is 0 or 1 L 1 is a bifunctional linker, such as, for example, NH(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH 2 ) n NR 3 , NH(CH 2 CH 2 O) n C(O), NH(CR 4 R 5 ) n OC(O), C(O)(CR 4 R 5 ) n NHC(O)(CR 8 R 7 ) q NR 3 , C(O)O(CH 2 ) n O C(O)(CR 4 R 5 ) n NR 3 , C(O)NH(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH 2 ) n NR 3 , C(O)O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n NR 3 , C(O)NH(CR 4 R 5 ) n O, C(O)O(CR 4 R 5 ) n O, C(O)NH(CH 2 CH 2 O) n , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyls, C 3-12 branched alkyls, C 3-8 cycloalkyls, C 1-6 substituted alkyls, C 3-8 substituted cycloalkyls, aryls, substituted aryls, aralkyls, C 1-6 heteroalkyls, substituted C 1-6 heteroalkyls, C 1-6 alkoxy, phenoxy and C 1-6 heteroalkoxy
De RavinSSZaremberKALong-PrielDChanKCFoxSDGallinJIet al
The dosage of the medications was based on previous studies involving rats
However, AARS is an exception, which relies on lactate-AMP as an intermediate to directly transfer lactyl group to the lysine residues of target proteins with the assistance of ATP [25, 26] As the most well-studied writer, p300-catalyzed lactylation mainly promotes gene transcription [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39] and maintains normal protein structure and functions [40,41,42,43,44,45]
